EstablishedAttested by reliable, concordant sources; no reasonable doubt.
Established. After Norwich, similar accusations are documented in England, France, the Empire and Italy, often with deadly consequences.
Assessment
Evidence for
- +Documented cases: Gloucester (1168), Blois (1171), Bury St Edmunds (1181), Winchester (c. 1232), Fulda (1235), Lincoln (1255), Trent (1475)…
- +The National Archives state that these accusations reach the English royal courts in the 1230s.
Limits of the sources
- !The spread of the accusation is established; direct transmission from one case to the next is not always.
Reasoning
The multiplication of cases is solidly documented. Note: this proves the spread of a belief, not the reality of the alleged acts.
- Confidence
- High
- Last reviewed
- 9 November 2026
Assessment history (1)
9 November 2026Established
First published assessment (dossier version 1).
Explore this branch